Urine Test for Bladder Cancer Recurrence: Cotinine Levels May Hold Key
A recent study suggests that cotinine, a nicotine metabolite found in smokers' urine, could serve as a potential biomarker for bladder cancer recurrence. This simple urine test could significantly reduce the need for invasive investigations following diagnosis and treatment. The study, conducted on 135 patients, found that those with high cotinine levels were four times more likely to experience cancer recurrence than those with lower levels. Specifically, 75% of heavy smokers, defined by cotinine levels over 550 ng/ml, had their cancer return, compared to just 18% of moderate smokers. Notably, some patients who claimed to be non-smokers or moderate smokers exhibited cotinine levels consistent with heavy smoking. Currently, non-invasive bladder cancer patients undergo regular cystoscopies to monitor for further tumours. However, these procedures can be invasive and uncomfortable. The cotinine test, if proven reliable, could provide a less intrusive alternative. Further research is needed to validate these findings in a larger trial and consider more precise indications of smoking levels and other risk factors. The study is ongoing, with the research team seeking collaborations with other hospitals to expand the study's scope. While the potential of cotinine as a biomarker is promising, more research is required before it can be widely adopted. If successful, this simple urine test could significantly improve the lives of bladder cancer patients by reducing the need for invasive investigations.
