Understanding the signs of anemia that appear in the oral cavity
Pregnancy and general health require regular medical check-ups, and one essential aspect that should not be overlooked is anemia screening. While fatigue, pale skin, and brittle nails are commonly known anemia symptoms, lesser-known oral signs are important indicators, particularly in iron deficiency anemia.
Mouth ulcers, an inflamed or sore tongue, and a swollen, sore, and smooth tongue can be signs of anemia affecting the mouth and gums. These symptoms arise due to reduced oxygen transport in the blood, which is critical for oral health, making the mouth more prone to infection and inflammation.
Mouth ulcers, in particular, can be a more severe symptom when anemia worsens. The tongue can also become inflamed, sore, swollen, or smooth, reflecting iron-deficiency anemia impacting oral tissues. These oral symptoms can be related to oxygen deprivation in tissues, which impairs normal function and can lead to visible changes in the mouth and gums.
While these oral symptoms of iron deficiency anemia are less common than other symptoms, they should not be disregarded. A complete blood count is a blood test that analyses several aspects of a person's blood to show if red blood cell levels and other blood component levels are outside their typical ranges. This test, along with a physical examination and review of personal and family medical history, can help a doctor diagnose anemia.
If you experience any symptoms of anemia, it is essential to consider contacting a doctor. Anemia can be a serious health condition, particularly for children and those who are pregnant. Severe cases can increase the risk of maternal and childhood mortality. Additional diagnostic tests for anemia may include bone marrow tests, colonoscopy or endoscopy, urine tests, and genetic testing.
In some cases, iron deficiency anemia may be treated with diet changes and iron supplements. Other treatment options may include surgery to stop bleeding, medications to treat underlying conditions, blood and bone marrow transplant, and blood transfusion.
It is also worth noting that periodontitis, or gum disease, can be correlated with anemia and low levels of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that is rich in iron. Nonsurgical periodontitis treatment may help improve anemia, but further research is necessary.
For more information about anemia, its symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and when to contact a doctor, refer to the United Kingdom's National Health Service guidelines. Remember, early detection and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis of anemia.
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