Understanding Miscarriage: Causes, Signs, and Prevention
Miscarriages are unfortunately common, with around 80% occurring in the first trimester. While many are unavoidable due to chromosomal abnormalities, some can be prevented or treated. Understanding the causes and signs is crucial for seeking timely help.
Miscarriage is defined as a pregnancy that ends unexpectedly in the early weeks or months. About 10% of early pregnancies result in a miscarriage before the twentieth week. Signs include spotting, bleeding, pain and cramping, weight loss, fluid or mucus discharge, and a decrease in signs of pregnancy.
Most miscarriages are caused by chromosomal abnormalities and fetus development problems, which are unavoidable. However, a significant portion of miscarriage causes are treatable. These include hormonal imbalances, infections, anatomical abnormalities, immune factors, and certain nutritional deficiencies like vitamin D. Investigations after two or three miscarriages can identify such causes for targeted treatment.
Miscarriages in the second trimester are less common and may be related to external health conditions or problems with the mother's health. These include infection, chronic conditions, thyroid disease, autoimmune conditions, problems with the uterus or cervix, lifestyle factors, and environmental factors.
In the third trimester, a miscarriage is more commonly called stillbirth. Causes include pregnancy complications, birth defects, high blood pressure, uncontrolled diabetes, infection, problems with the umbilical cord, and problems with the placenta.
While miscarriage cannot be prevented in most cases, taking steps to have a healthier pregnancy may lower the risk. This includes taking folic acid, following a healthy lifestyle, maintaining a healthy weight, taking precautions against infections, managing chronic conditions, and practicing safe sex.
It's important to note that once a miscarriage has started, it cannot be stopped in most cases. However, treatment for a threatened miscarriage may help prevent a full miscarriage.
Miscarriage is a tragic event, but understanding its causes and taking preventive measures can help. If you experience any signs of a miscarriage, it's crucial to seek medical help immediately. While some miscarriages are unavoidable, many can be prevented or treated, and seeking early intervention can make a significant difference.
