Rare Nocardiosis Infection Spikes Among Immunocompromised
Nocardiosis, a rare bacterial infection caused by the Nocardia asteroides bacterium, is making headlines due to its severe complications and increased risk among immunocompromised individuals. The infection, which is not spread person-to-person, can affect various parts of the body and requires prompt medical attention.
Infection occurs through inhalation or open wounds, with symptoms varying based on the affected area. These can include fever, fatigue, chest pain, cough, night sweats, skin ulcers, rashes, seizures, headaches, confusion, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and abdominal swelling. Nocardiosis commonly affects the lungs but can spread to the skin, digestive system, brain, kidneys, heart, eyes, and bones.
Diagnosis involves tests such as chest X-ray, bronchoscopy, brain biopsy, lung biopsy, skin biopsy, and sputum culture. Treatment typically includes long-term, low-dose sulfonamide antibiotics, and sometimes surgery to drain abscesses. However, untreated or delayed diagnosis can be life-threatening, especially for those with weakened immune systems.
In the U.S., around 60% of nocardiosis cases are related to weakened immune systems due to conditions like cancer, diabetes, lung disease, HIV, AIDS, transplants, or long-term steroid use. It's crucial for individuals with these conditions to be vigilant and seek immediate medical attention if they experience any symptoms of nocardiosis.
