Norovirus is the most prevalent reason for illness spreading.
In the face of Norovirus outbreaks, which are commonly responsible for episodes of vomiting and diarrhea in various settings such as nursing homes, vacations, and cruise ships, it is crucial to adopt a rigorous hygiene protocol to minimise its spread.
When afflicted by Norovirus, replacing lost fluids is essential to avoid dehydration. Recommended rehydration options include water, teas, and clear soups. However, it is advisable to avoid naturally cloudy apple juice due to its slight laxative effect.
The recommended hygiene protocol for preventing Norovirus outbreaks in shared living spaces includes frequent handwashing with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds, especially after using the toilet, changing diapers, and before preparing or eating food. Hand sanitizers are not effective against Norovirus and should not replace proper handwashing.
Avoiding the sharing of utensils, plates, cups, or towels with infected individuals is also crucial to prevent transmission. Disinfecting contaminated surfaces thoroughly using bleach-based cleaners or EPA-approved disinfectants specific for Norovirus is essential. High-touch surfaces such as door knobs, handrails, toilets, bathroom and kitchen counters should be cleaned regularly. The virus can survive on surfaces for hours to weeks, so meticulous cleaning is essential.
Wearing disposable gloves when cleaning areas contaminated by vomit or stool, using paper towels for wiping, and disposing of these safely in plastic trash bags is also recommended. Infected persons should be isolated as much as possible to minimise contact with others, and they should not prepare food until at least 48 hours after symptoms resolve.
Maintaining personal hygiene vigilance in shared spaces, including thorough drying of hands after washing, and avoiding touching your face after contact with potentially contaminated surfaces, is also important. For added infection control in some settings, advanced disinfection technologies such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) misting may be used to reach areas manual cleaning misses while reducing harsh chemical exposure.
If symptomatic with vomiting or diarrhea, it is important to stay hydrated and seek medical help if dehydration symptoms arise. Electrolyte solutions from the pharmacy or a WHO solution can help replenish minerals lost during Norovirus infection. Symptoms of Norovirus infection include frequent vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, headache, fever, severe abdominal pain, and a general feeling of illness.
After 48 hours without fever, diarrhea, or vomiting, a person can assume they are no longer contagious, but thorough hygiene around the toilet should still be practiced. Critical fluid loss signs in small children and the elderly can include a very dry tongue, severe headaches, drowsiness, and a skin fold test that shows a skin fold remaining when pinched and let go.
Oatmeal, zwieback, and toast are suitable for gradual reintroduction of food after Norovirus infection, as they are easy on the stomach and not too fatty. Infection can occur via droplet infection when someone vomits, releasing viruses into the air as fine aerosols. Viruses can still be excreted in the stool for up to two weeks, especially in immunosuppressed individuals like those receiving chemotherapy.
To prevent others from getting infected, it is crucial to maintain good hygiene, especially when cleaning up after someone who is sick. It is important to wash hands thoroughly with soap and water, and use disinfectant if available. Cola can be consumed occasionally, but relying solely on it is not recommended due to its high sugar content.
References: [1] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Norovirus: Introduction.
- other measures to prevent the spread of Norovirus include maintaining mental health, seeking help if symptoms such as stress and anxiety arise due to the illness.
- chronic diseases and underlying medical-conditions can increase the severity of Norovirus symptoms, making it vital for individuals with such conditions to pay extra attention to health-and-wellness and nutrition.
- fitness-and-exercise can aid in the quicker recovery from Norovirus infection, as it boosts the immune system and helps replenish lost fluids.
- in addition to the hygiene protocol, ensuring proper nutrition is crucial to complement the body's recovery process from Norovirus, focusing on lean protein, fiber, and fruits and vegetables.
