New information on the spreading tick species causing concern in Switzerland

Ticks in Switzerland: A Growing Concern

Switzerland is home to two types of ticks that pose a health risk to both humans and animals: the Hyalomma tick and the marsh tick, also known as the meadow tick.

The Hyalomma tick, a non-native species actively invading Switzerland, is primarily found around the 50th latitude, which includes parts of the Jura, Emmental, Toggenburg regions, and parts of the Zurich Oberland. This tick, known for its size (up to two centimeters when engorged with blood), is migrating from the Mediterranean region and North Africa.

The Hyalomma tick should not be underestimated, as it can carry pathogens that cause Crimean-Congo fever, a potentially fatal illness. If the Hyalomma tick were to spread more widely in Switzerland, it would pose a significant threat, according to Werner Tischhauser, Vice President of the Swiss Tick League.

On the other hand, the marsh tick, likely Ixodes ricinus, is the most common tick species throughout Europe, including Switzerland. It typically inhabits moist, forested, and marshy areas, such as those found in the Swiss countryside.

While the marsh tick transmits bacteria that cause Tibola syndrome, with symptoms including fever, swollen lymph nodes, and skin changes at the bite site, it is not life-threatening like the illness caused by the Hyalomma tick.

To protect oneself from tick bites, it is advisable to wear long trousers and closed shoes when walking in woods or long grass. If bitten by a tick, it should be removed safely as soon as possible to lower the risk of infection. It is recommended to go to a doctor or pharmacy for tick removal, if possible.

Vaccination is the best way to protect oneself from the illnesses caused by ticks. In Switzerland, the tick vaccination is covered by basic insurance and provides protection for 10 years, starting from the age of three.

A tick can be safely removed with a special tick remover or tweezers. Always ensure to grasp the tick as close to the skin as possible and pull upwards with steady, even pressure.

People living in mountainous regions are less affected by these ticks than those at lower altitudes. However, as the Hyalomma tick continues to expand its range northwards due to climate change, it is essential to remain vigilant and take necessary precautions when spending time in the outdoors.

[1] Swiss Tick League, Climate change and the distribution of ticks in Switzerland: https://www.tick-info.ch/en/tick-facts/climate-change-and-the-distribution-of-ticks-in-switzerland/ [4] European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Ticks and tick-borne diseases: https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/ticks-and-tick-borne-diseases

Switzerland, with its diverse ecosystem, is also a growing concern for various medical conditions and chronic diseases, including cancer.
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