Evolution of narcissists' character traits across different life stages
In a groundbreaking study led by Professor Ulrich Orth from the University of Bern, researchers have delved into the complexities of narcissism, exploring how it evolves across different age groups and cultural contexts. The study, published in the prestigious journal Psychological Bulletin, offers valuable insights into the development and fluctuation of narcissistic traits.
The research, which primarily focused on participants from the United States and Western Europe, found that narcissism tends to emerge in childhood but becomes more pronounced during adolescence and young adulthood. Traits such as self-importance, a craving for admiration, and a lack of empathy are more prevalent during these stages, as identity formation and social validation become central.
Interestingly, the study revealed that narcissism peaks in young adulthood, but it can fluctuate significantly throughout life. Factors such as relationships, career success, and life experiences can modulate narcissistic traits, with some individuals experiencing a decline in narcissism as they age.
The reasons for this decline are still unclear, but one theory suggests that taking on social roles in adulthood, such as a partner, parent, or employee, leads to the development of more mature personality characteristics, including lower levels of narcissism.
The study also highlighted the impact of cultural influences on narcissism. In Western individualistic cultures, particularly among Millennials and Gen Z, social media plays a significant role in fostering narcissistic tendencies by encouraging self-promotion, performance, and external validation. Platforms like Instagram and TikTok act as "digital mirrors" where young adults curate identities based on audience reactions.
In contrast, collectivist cultures that value interdependence and humility tend to discourage narcissistic behaviors. Societies that emphasize success, beauty, and competition, however, encourage narcissistic traits more.
The study tracked one of the three types of narcissism: agentic, antagonistic, or neurotic. It was found that people who are more narcissistic as children tend to remain so as adults. However, the decline was more moderate for antagonistic and neurotic narcissism compared to agentic narcissism.
The study analysed data from 51 studies measuring participants' narcissism levels over time, totalling 37,247 participants ranging in age from 8 to 77. The research did not discuss any link between the instant genius podcast and narcissism, nor did it provide a definitive link between handwriting and personality.
Despite the extensive research, differences in narcissistic levels among individuals remain consistent over time, suggesting it is a stable personality trait. The team aims to further study narcissism in a wider range of countries to extend the results and deepen our understanding of this intriguing personality trait.
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